翻譯的標準 The criteria(standard)of translation
信達雅 Fidelity(faithfulness) Fluency(expressiveness) Elegance(flair)
透徹的理解 have a thorough understanding
準確的表達 precise(accurate) expression
意譯 free (liberal) translation
直譯 literal translation
死譯 word-for-word translation
活譯 dynamic equivalence translation
重譯 repetition
增譯 (contextual) amplification
減譯 omission
詞類轉移 conversion
詞序調整 inversion
分譯 division
正說反譯/反說正譯 negation
語態變換 the change of the voice
歸化/異化 Foreignizing/ Alienation; Domesticating/ Adaptation
對等 equivalence
形式對等 formal correspondence
動態（靈活）對等 dynamic equivalence
意義對等 equivalence in terms of meaning
風格對等 equivalence in terms of style
意合 Parataxis
形合 Hypotaxis
欠額翻譯（過載翻譯）under translation (overloaded translation)
校核 rectification
釋義 paraphrase
翻譯學 translatology
翻譯科學 science of translating
神似 be alike in spirit (be an excellent likeness)
化鏡 sublimity (perfection)
已入化境 reach(attain) perfection
和諧 harmonious
和諧一致 in perfect harmony
不僅形似而且神似 be alike not only in appearance(form) but also in spirit
寧信而不雅 It is better to be faithful than to be elegant
寧順而不信，寧信而不順
It is better to have a smooth version than a faithful one
Rather be faithful (in thought) than smooth (in language)
保持原文的豐姿 keep the full flavor of the original work
忠實通順 Faithful(ness) and smooth(ness) (clear and coherent)
忠實的譯文 translation true to the original
忠實于原文 true(faithful) to the original
句子不通 the sentence doesn’t read smoothly
他的翻譯通順易懂 his interpretation is coherent and intelligible
（泰特勒Tytler提出的）翻譯三原則：
1， 譯文應完整地再現原文的思想內容
That the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work
2， 譯文的風格，筆調應與原文的性質相同
That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original
3， 譯文應象原文一樣自然流暢
That the translation should have all the ease of the original composition
Generally speaking, a qualified translator should have
1. a good command of the source language
2. a good command of the target language
3. a wide range and scope of knowledge
4. a high political consciousness
5. a necessary knowledge of basic techniques (skills) used in translation
